This is an analysis on the role of Digital Twin technologies in supporting the governance of smart and climate-neutral cities. The report analyses how European and national decarbonization strategies can be translated into urban governance models, policy processes, and institutional coordination mechanisms. It identifies opportunities and challenges related to digital infrastructure, interoperability, data-driven decision-making, and the institutional capacity required to support the climate transition. The analysis also includes an assessment of Romania’s strategic, legislative, and infrastructure framework, highlighting the need for integrated governance models, multi-level coordination, and better alignment between urban policies, digital tools, and climate neutrality objectives.
The report presents the design and development of a digital platform aimed at facilitating interaction between citizens and public authorities in the context of climate neutrality policy implementation. The proposed platform is based on a modular architecture and includes functionalities related to data collection, policy evaluation, stakeholder feedback, performance indicators, and decision- support processes. The platform promotes transparency and stakeholder engagement through tools that enhance communication and collaboration between local administrations and communities.
The comparative analysis of the main international methodologies used for estimating and reporting greenhouse gas emissions at the urban level, focuses on their strengths and applicability within smart city contexts. The report describes the core principles of emissions accounting, inventory boundary setting, and calculation methodologies for key emission-generating sectors, including stationary energy, transportation, waste, industrial processes, and land use.
This deliverable presents the results of activities on social and economic innovation in climate governance, focusing on citizen engagement through co-creation, co-design, and co-production processes to support the achievement of climate neutrality in smart cities. It clarifies the core concepts of participatory governance and presents the associated tools, supported by national and international best practice examples. The report also presents national and international examples of good practice and details the stages of policy co-creation, stakeholder integration, participatory processes, knowledge management, policy convergence in design and implementation.
The report presents the conceptual and methodological basis for a toolkit platform dedicated to multi-level governance (MLG) in the context of energy transition and sustainable urban development. The importance of coordination across european, national, regional, and local levels is emphasized to ensure effective governance in the fields of energy and climate change. The report analyzes the benefits of multi-level governance, including policy flexibility, knowledge sharing, stakeholder engagement, institutional capacity-building, and the adaptation of solutions to local contexts. It also addresses policy coherence, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and collaboration between public and private actors.
In this deliverable, the evolution of the smart city concept and urban digital infrastructures is analyzed in a global, European, and national context, with a focus on the transition toward sustainable mobility and climate neutrality. It presents a set of four interrelated technical reports, collectively addressing the governance frameworks, policy instruments, and digital technologies required to support Romania’s transition towards climate-neutral and smart cities. The energy report analyzes governance frameworks for renewable energy integration, Positive Energy Districts, prosumer ecosystems, and energy poverty mitigation, with reference to Romania’s National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan. The buildings report addresses sustainable construction standards, IoT-enabled energy management, renovation financing mechanisms, and alignment with NZEB and BREEAM/LEED certification frameworks. The mobility report analyses smart mobility governance, IoT sensor infrastructure, Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans, and case studies from several flagship cities, with an assessment of Bucharest’s urban transport challenges and digital transformation pathways. The Smart City/Smart Campus report develops integrated digital governance models encompassing AI, IoT/IoE infrastructure, data governance, multi-level institutional coordination, and participatory governance, with the UNSTPB Smart Campus presented as a relevant national case study.
This deliverable presents a structured portfolio of digital and technological solutions that can support the transition of Romanian and European cities towards climate neutrality. The document identifies, analyses, and classifies relevant technologies for urban decarbonization, including artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, Digital Twin frameworks, blockchain, cloud-edge architectures, and Extended Reality. The solutions are organized across thematic categories such as energy efficiency, smart mobility, waste management, smart buildings, urban monitoring, interoperability, and decision support. The deliverable also proposes a multi-criteria evaluation matrix based on criteria such as greenhouse gas emission reduction potential, interoperability, scalability, and relevance for decision-making. In addition, it outlines several AI-driven application concepts, including a Carbon Footprint Calculator, Romania GHG Dashboard, NetZero Assistant, and a NetZero Planning Tool for SMEs, alongside an Open Science platform framework.
This report maps the regulatory, normative, and methodological framework governing the transition towards climate-neutral cities within the NetZeRoCities project. The document systematically analyses the European legislative area for Net Zero agenda and sectoral directives on renewable energy, circular economy, biodiversity, and sustainable mobility, alongside the relevant national legislative framework applicable in Romania. A major contribution is the structured typology of standards and guidelines across four distinct categories: strategic and governance standards, environmental and energy management standards (including ISO 14064, GHG Protocol, and SECAP/SUMP frameworks), technical standards pertaining to buildings, smart grids, and urban mobility, and data, indicator, and monitoring standards. The document concludes by identifying success factors and systemic challenges in the adoption of sustainable urban mobility policies, showing the importance of integrated planning instruments, institutional capacity, and coherent long-term public policy frameworks.
This deliverable presents the conceptual design, technical architecture, and operational framework of a data-driven monitoring platform intended to support the governance of the Net Zero transition. It defines a multidimensional evaluation framework integrating energy, environment, mobility, buildings, socio-economic factors, and institutional governance, structured around KPIs aligned with recognized frameworks such as the GHG Protocol for Cities, SECAP, and SUMP. The report describes the platform architecture as a layered model incorporating IoT-based data collection, Big Data integration, Digital Twin modelling, and AI-driven analytics. It also discusses performance analysis through multi-criteria decision analysis and scenario-based approaches, as well as governance elements related to roles, data access, accountability, and stakeholder involvement.
This deliverable presents an empirical investigation into the structural, institutional, and cultural barriers affecting the interaction between citizens and public administration in the context of climate-neutral governance in Romania. Based on surveys, open-ended responses, and documentary review, the study identifies barriers related to administrative interaction, public service delivery, institutional efficiency, citizen engagement, access to information, citizens’ rights protection, accountability, and transparency. The findings highlight a set of interconnected challenges, including bureaucracy, insufficient administrative coordination, inadequate digital infrastructure, limited participation mechanisms, and low levels of institutional trust. The report also discusses the gap between citizens’ willingness to participate in decision-making and their actual involvement, pointing to the need for more inclusive and accessible engagement mechanisms.
This deliverable presents a sector-integrated roadmap for supporting the Net Zero transition in Romanian urban contexts, with reference to cities such as Cluj-Napoca, Bucharest Sector 2, and Suceava. The strategy addresses five main sectors: buildings, centralized heating systems, electrical energy infrastructure, circular economy and waste management, and digital transformation. The report analyses the current situation and proposes targeted intervention directions for each sector. It also discusses governance and financing mechanisms based on multi-level stakeholder partnerships, European and national funding opportunities, transparency and traceability mechanisms, and the potential use of Digital Twin technologies, IoT infrastructure, and open data dashboards. Education, awareness, and community engagement are also addressed as important conditions for long-term implementation.
The deliverable proposes a structured training programme, comprising five thematic courses: climate-neutral governance, renewable energy and climate neutrality, sustainable and energy-efficient buildings, sustainable urban mobility, and smart cities and Digital Twins. Each thematic course is built across introductory, intermediate, and specialization modules deliverable both in intensive face-to-face format and through an online Learning Management System. The target audience includes public administration representatives, private sector actors, urban planners, researchers, civil society organizations, students, and young professionals. The report also presents the three competitions organized within the NetZeRoCities centre, which engaged early-career researchers, students, and professionals in developing ideas and context-specific solutions for urban decarbonization and smart city transformation.
This deliverable presents the activities undertaken by the NetZeRoCities consortium to identify funding opportunities, develop partnerships, and prepare concepts and proposals for European and national competitive funding programmes. The report covers Horizon Europe Pillar II calls, the Climate, Energy and Mobility and Digital, Industry and Space clusters, the Driving Urban Transitions partnership, and national UEFISCDI calls. The deliverable documents project concepts and proposals developed by the consortium where project results and expertise were capitalized in future research and innovation contexts. It also presents participation in brokerage events and partnership-building activities, highlighting the role of the project in strengthening the consortium’s capacity to engage with European and national RDI opportunities.
This deliverable presents the communication and dissemination strategy of the project, aligned with PNRR requirements and European good practices in research communication. The report distinguishes between dissemination activities targeting specialized audiences, such as public authorities, researchers, and policy makers, and communication activities aimed at broader stakeholder communities and the general public. It covers the project’s visual identity, web presence, social media communication, target audiences, and dissemination channels. It also documents key dissemination activities, including participation in scientific conferences and events, the organization of three open innovation competitions, and the publication of two scientific volumes on smart city governance and multi-level governance models.
Within Deliverable P2.D1.1, the project documents the reference approach and goals for local energy transition towards climate-neutral cities. The report connects municipal energy use, greenhouse gas inventories and the transition logic required for short-, medium- and long-term decarbonisation. It specifically reports the baseline categories of consumption, energy carriers, decarbonisation priorities and the expected contribution of accessible smart technologies, renewable energy and energy efficiency measures. The main competencies obtained are urban energy diagnosis, GHG baseline assessment, transition-roadmap framing and alignment of technical measures with local climate-neutrality objectives. The result is the strategic foundation for the methodologies, digital replications, pilots and training activities developed in the following work packages.
Deliverable P2.D1.2 presents the methodology for analysing and supporting smart and carbon-neutral cities. The content translates the climate-neutrality objective into an operational workflow: data collection, energy and emissions inventory, multi-benefit assessment, prioritisation of actions, monitoring indicators and replication principles. The report specifically connects energy systems, buildings, renewable resources, smart grids, environmental data and stakeholder participation in one decision-support logic. The competencies developed include climate-neutrality methodology design, indicator definition, multi-sector diagnosis and evidence-based planning for lighthouse and follower cities. The expected result is a replicable methodological framework that enables municipalities to prepare roadmaps and compare interventions across the energy, environment and digitalisation dimensions.
Deliverable P2.D1.3 reports the role of smart energy grids in the transition to carbon-neutral cities. The content addresses the connection between distributed generation, prosumers, monitoring, demand response, grid flexibility and digital data exchange. It specifically reports how smart grids support renewable integration, efficient operation and coordination between producers, consumers and local energy-management platforms. Competencies developed include smart-grid concept analysis, grid-flexibility assessment, prosumer integration, data-driven monitoring and alignment of electricity infrastructure with climate-neutrality objectives. The result is a technical and conceptual basis for later work on smart contracts, demand response, PV networks and AI-assisted energy management.
Deliverable P2.D1.4 reports the modern energy infrastructure and collaborative management platform needed for coordinated energy-transition activities. The content links infrastructure planning with collaborative management, quality control, risk management and operational coordination between partners and city stakeholders. It specifically reports how energy-transition work can be governed through shared data, documented processes, responsibility allocation and continuous monitoring. Competencies developed include energy-infrastructure governance, collaborative platform planning, quality and risk management, stakeholder coordination and implementation discipline. The result is a management foundation that supports the reliable deployment, monitoring and replication of P2 energy and environment solutions.
Deliverable P2.D1.5 reports demonstrative pilot applications in the area of urban energy management. The content integrates the methodological, data and technical work developed in earlier activities into an applied tool for monitoring, analysing and supporting local energy decisions. It specifically reports functionalities related to energy-data visualisation, urban indicators, assessment of decarbonisation interventions and support for municipal planning. Competencies obtained include pilot implementation, urban-energy analytics, data integration, indicator-based decision support and demonstration of practical use cases. The result is an applied bridge between research outputs and operational energy management for Romanian cities pursuing climate-neutrality objectives.
Deliverable P2.D1.6 reports the preparation of educational content dedicated to smart and carbon-neutral cities. The courses translate project knowledge on energy transition, smart infrastructure, renewable energy, carbon footprint, digitalisation and urban sustainability into learning materials for schools, public institutions and wider stakeholder groups. The content specifically supports awareness and capacity building around climate neutrality, linking technical concepts with accessible explanations and practical city examples. Competencies obtained include curriculum design, educational translation of technical content, stakeholder communication and climate-literacy development. The result is a training resource that helps embed P2 knowledge in communities and supports long-term adoption of smart and low-carbon solutions.
Within Deliverable P2.D2.1, the project develops the digital replication logic for the full infrastructure involved in energy efficiency, environment and energy transition. The content is linked to Task 2.1 and Task 2.3 and reports the digital representation of urban energy assets, renewable resources, PV panels, energy infrastructure and data categories needed for climate-neutral planning. It also supports the identification of total renewable-energy capacity at city level and the assessment of its local environmental impact. The competencies obtained include infrastructure mapping, renewable-resource modelling, PV asset representation, data structuring and digital-twin scoping. The result is a first operational layer for representing energy-transition infrastructure and green resources in a smart-city Digital Twin environment.
Deliverable P2.D2.2 extends the Digital Twin approach from physical assets to the community of actors involved in the local energy ecosystem. Based on Task 2.2, the report structures the representation of energy providers, consumers, prosumers, public authorities and other city stakeholders through roles, interactions, data flows and decision points. It specifically reports how demand, distributed generation, prosumer participation, feedback loops and brainstorming inputs can be translated into a digital actor model. The competencies developed include stakeholder mapping, socio-technical modelling, data-governance framing and collaborative energy-management analysis. The result is a basis for digital-twin components that reflect both the technical and organisational dimensions of urban energy transition.
Deliverable P2.D2.3 reports the digital replication of energy-efficient, nZEB and positive buildings with their specific energy-related characteristics. Based on Task 2.4, the report addresses the virtualization of buildings, automation devices, sensors, actuators and contextual parameters that must be represented on the Digital Twin platform. It specifically supports the integration of building energy consumption, operational features and monitoring data into city-level energy analysis. Competencies developed include building energy modelling, digital-twin representation of automation components, sensor-data structuring and interoperability planning. The result is a reusable digital model layer for analysing energy-efficient buildings and connecting them with urban decarbonisation scenarios.
Deliverable P2.D2.4 reports the Digital Twin of the specific data architecture related to energy efficiency. Based on Task 2.5, the deliverable consolidates data sources, interfaces, entities, relationships and real-time transfer requirements needed to update energy and infrastructure data dynamically at smart-city Digital Twin level. It specifically includes the lifecycle representation of PV panels and the integration of energy-efficiency data with the wider platform. Competencies obtained include data-architecture design, real-time interface planning, digital-twin implementation logic, interoperability modelling and analytics-oriented data structuring. The result is a demonstrator-level architecture that enables monitoring, benchmarking and scenario analysis for climate-neutral energy planning.
Deliverable P2.D3.1 presents digital online smart tools for knowledge sharing, replication and stakeholder engagement. Linked to Task 3.1, the content reports hubs and online resources for citizens, civil society, professional associations, the public sector and the business environment. It also integrates inputs for specification definition and prepares the transfer of methodologies, datasets, lessons learned, technical recommendations and pilot knowledge between lighthouse and follower cities. The competencies developed include digital knowledge management, replication planning, stakeholder-oriented communication and structuring of reusable energy-transition resources. The result is a practical online basis for making P2 solutions visible, accessible and transferable beyond individual reports and local demonstrators.
Deliverable P2.D3.2 defines the piloting coordinates for the three lighthouse cities – Bucharest Sector 2, Suceava and Cluj-Napoca – and for estimated follower cities. Based on Task 3.2, the report structures the territorial logic, stakeholder context and replication conditions needed to transfer P2 energy and environmental solutions. It specifically reports the criteria for linking smart tools, PV solutions, energy-transition methods and knowledge-sharing outputs to city needs. Competencies obtained include pilot-design planning, replication strategy, stakeholder alignment and city-context assessment. The result is a coordination framework that connects lighthouse pilots with follower-city adoption and enables the scaling of non-polluting energy and green-environment solutions.
This deliverable reports a prototype of smart solar panel networks for climate-neutral smart cities. The content is directly connected to Task 3.3 and covers the concept, design, development, implementation and testing of networked photovoltaic assets. The deliverable specifically addresses how PV panels can operate as monitored, communicative and coordinated urban energy resources, rather than isolated generation units. It reports monitoring and communication requirements, network architecture, performance supervision and links with smart-city energy management. Competencies obtained include smart PV network design, IoT-based monitoring, demonstrator implementation and renewable-energy validation. The result is a tested prototype basis for PV deployment in smart campuses, lighthouse cities and replicable municipal renewable-energy projects.
Within Deliverable P2.D3.4, innovative photovoltaic systems for renewable energy generation are translated into a prototype-oriented result. The report is linked to Task 3.4 and covers PV system configuration, prototype preparation, pilot-station logic, testing needs and integration constraints for buildings or urban assets. It specifically reports how photovoltaic technologies contribute to local decarbonisation, energy autonomy, smart-campus development and replication in cities. The competencies obtained include PV modelling, system sizing, prototype development, testing preparation, renewable-generation assessment and interpretation of environmental impacts. The result is a validated framework for applying innovative photovoltaic solutions in climate-neutral urban environments and for supporting municipal investment decisions.
Within Deliverable P2.D3.5, the project reports intelligent systems that automatically rotate solar panels towards the sun. The content is connected to Task 3.5 and covers the concept, design, development, implementation and testing of solar-tracking functionality. It specifically reports how continuous orientation can improve PV energy yield and how the tracking system can be integrated into smart solar panel networks. The competencies obtained include solar-tracking system design, control logic, mechanical/electrical integration, prototyping and test-based performance interpretation. The result is an intelligent support system that increases the effectiveness of renewable generation and strengthens the technological maturity of smart PV solutions for climate-neutral cities.
Deliverable P2.D3.6 reports intelligent and robotic systems for continuous cleaning of solar panels together with IoT-based management of smart solar panel networks. Linked to Task 3.6, the content covers the concept, design, development, prototyping, implementation and testing of cleaning and monitoring systems. It specifically addresses the need to preserve PV performance by reducing soiling losses and by managing PV assets through sensor and IoT data. Competencies obtained include robotic-system conception, PV maintenance automation, IoT network management, prototyping and operational testing. The result is an integrated technological solution that improves reliability and efficiency of solar generation in smart-city and smart-campus contexts.
Deliverable P2.D3.7 reports Smart Grid and blockchain-based smart contract technology. The content is linked to Task 3.7 and covers specification work for smart contracts, trusted data exchange, automated energy rules, prosumer coordination and possible decentralised transactions. It specifically reports how blockchain concepts may support transparent, programmable and auditable energy interactions in smart-city contexts. Competencies developed include smart-contract specification, distributed-ledger awareness, smart-grid transaction modelling, trust mechanisms and evaluation of applicability for energy communities. The result is a technical-conceptual basis for decentralised energy management, supporting demand response, prosumer participation and new operational models for climate-neutral urban energy systems.
Deliverable P2.D3.8 reports flexible and active Demand Response for individual and aggregated buildings together with AI cognitive energy management. The content is connected to Task 3.8 and addresses load flexibility, aggregation logic, control strategies, user/building constraints and artificial-intelligence support for optimisation. It specifically reports how buildings can shift or adapt demand in order to support grid stability, renewable integration and emissions reduction. Competencies developed include demand-response modelling, building aggregation, AI-assisted energy optimisation, flexibility assessment and decision-support design. The result is a framework for using demand-side intelligence as a complement to energy efficiency, PV generation and Smart Grid operation.
Deliverable P2.D3.9 presents a case analysis of photovoltaic panel use on a typical building in Bucharest. Based on Task 3.9, the report evaluates the applicability of PV systems in an urban building context, including technical constraints, energy-generation potential, integration assumptions and environmental relevance. It specifically supports evidence-based decision-making for municipal and building-level renewable-energy investments. Competencies obtained include building-level PV assessment, case-study methodology, interpretation of local solar potential, integration with building energy demand and communication of results for urban replication. The result is a practical reference case that helps translate general PV concepts into a concrete Romanian city-building application.
Within Deliverable D4.1, a laboratory-validated prototype of an intelligent lighting system for smart city applications was developed and tested. The solution integrates smart lighting sources and smart switches, providing advanced control and monitoring functionalities. In addition, the system incorporates wireless communication capabilities based on Visible Light Communications (VLC) technology, enabling data transmission through the lighting infrastructure. The tests performed confirmed the functionality and feasibility of the proposed solution in representative smart lighting and integrated communication scenarios.
Deliverable D4.2 presents the research activities related to the development and enhancement of smart switch systems within the NetZeRoCities project. The analyzed and implemented solutions cover both the hardware and software architecture of smart switches, the integration of the MQTT protocol for communication and control, and the ModbusE extension for improved interoperability. The deliverable also includes a comparative literature review of smart bulbs and smart switches, an analysis of current Smart City trends, and an overview of the applicability of intelligent lighting systems in transportation infrastructure, parking facilities, tunnels, and public spaces. Particular emphasis is placed on their contribution to energy efficiency and the achievement of climate neutrality objectives.
Within Deliverable D4.3, an Android mobile application was designed and developed for the control and monitoring of smart lighting networks in the context of the NetZeRoCities project. The application uses the MQTT protocol to communicate with IoT devices (smart switches and lighting fixtures), providing functionalities for status and brightness control, automatic reconnection, and continuous background operation through a Foreground Service. The solution architecture incorporates robust security mechanisms, including encrypted communication via TLS, secure local storage of credentials, and Access Control List (ACL) policies at the MQTT broker level. These features ensure the protection of communications and system integrity both within local networks and in remote access scenarios.
Within Deliverable D4.4, a study was conducted to assess users’ perceptions of the Human-Centric Lighting (HCL) concept, involving 50 respondents. The results indicate a strong interest in the adoption of this type of lighting system, with more than 80% of participants positively evaluating its benefits in terms of visual comfort, productivity, and overall well-being. The lighting personalization features and the ability to adapt lighting conditions to the natural daily rhythm were rated very favorably, confirming the usefulness and attractiveness of the proposed solution. The study also identified the need for additional awareness and educational initiatives, as well as simplification of the configuration process, to facilitate the wider adoption of user-centered lighting systems.
Within Deliverable D4.5, a hybrid smart lighting system was designed, developed, and implemented, integrating the concepts of Human-Centric Lighting (HCL), Visible Light Communication (VLC), and LiFi into a unified architecture. The solution combines commercial components dedicated to HCL and LiFi functionalities with an internally developed VLC module, providing both advanced user-adaptive lighting services and light-based communication capabilities. The proposed architecture demonstrates the feasibility of integrating intelligent lighting and communication technologies into a single platform, with relevant applications for smart buildings and sustainable cities. The tests performed validated the functionality, interoperability, and overall performance of the integrated components within the proposed system.
Within Deliverable D4.6, significant innovation and scientific dissemination results were achieved in the field of smart lighting networks. The activities resulted in the filing of a patent application with the Romanian State Office for Inventions and Trademarks (OSIM), the publication of six scientific papers in ISI Web of Knowledge indexed journals ranked in the Q1/Q2 categories, and the presentation of two papers at international conferences indexed in IEEE Xplore and/or ISI Web of Knowledge. Overall, a total of nine scientific publications were produced, showcasing the research outcomes related to smart lighting technologies and their contribution to the development of smart and climate-neutral cities. These results demonstrate the innovative nature of the developed solutions and highlight their scientific relevance as well as their practical impact in the field of sustainable urban development.
Deliverable P2.D5.1 reports the laboratory validation of a prototype for the Smart Green Environmental Management platform. The deliverable is framed by the objectives of WP2-5: intelligent optimisation of waste management, Landsat and environmental-data management, data-to-ontology translation and pollution reduction. It reports the platform concept, functional modules, environmental data categories, user interactions and decision-support logic for green and non-polluting solutions. The competencies obtained include platform specification, environmental-data integration, lab validation of digital services, ontology-oriented data thinking and preparation of tools for urban sustainability monitoring. The result is a validated platform prototype that supports later telemetry, pollution-monitoring, Landsat-data and carbon-footprint activities.
Deliverable P2.D5.2 presents an Environmental Telemetry System for smart cities. The content is linked to Task 5.3 and reports time-critical telemetry, environmental data flows, interoperability principles and the use of blockchain concepts for trusted smart-city data exchange. It specifically includes the use of weather-sensor data mounted on smart solar panels and the translation of data lakes into ontologies that preserve information while enabling additional relations to be inferred. Competencies obtained include telemetry architecture, environmental sensing, blockchain interoperability awareness, ontology-based data structuring and integration of PV-mounted sensors. The result is a telemetry layer able to support environmental monitoring, traceability and decision-making in climate-neutral smart-city applications.
Deliverable P2.D5.3 reports an intelligent and selective waste collection system based on low energy consumption. The content is connected to Task 5.1 and addresses smart optimisation of waste collection using route-reduction algorithms and smart bins able to signal when they are full and ready to be discharged. It specifically reports how supply-chain optimisation can reduce collection costs, fuel consumption and environmental impact. Competencies obtained include smart waste-management design, optimisation logic, sensor-enabled bin monitoring, low-energy operational planning and urban service efficiency analysis. The result is a practical system concept for cleaner and more efficient waste collection as part of Smart Green Environmental management.
Deliverable P2.D5.4 reports an environmental data management platform that includes data from Landsat monitoring and other geospatial sources. The content is linked to Task 5.2 and covers environmental-data management, satellite imagery, UAV and vector data, geoportal data and statistical sources that can be analysed in GIS. It specifically supports the identification of pollution, subsidence, urban expansion, property boundaries, green spaces and vacant lands, as well as AI processing of environmental patterns. Competencies obtained include geospatial-data integration, remote-sensing interpretation, GIS-based environmental analysis, data-platform design and urban sustainability diagnosis. The result is a data platform that combines local and satellite-based evidence for decision-making.
Deliverable P2.D5.5 reports an IoT-based pollution monitoring system for smart-city environments. The content is linked to Task 5.4 and Task 5.5 and covers pollution monitoring with IoT, urban demonstrations, conceptual development of an air-quality smart monitoring network, prediction and early-warning functions. It specifically reports sensor nodes, data collection, communication, monitored parameters and integration with environmental platforms. Competencies obtained include IoT system design, pollution-data acquisition, environmental analytics, smart monitoring-network planning and transformation of measurements into actionable indicators. The result is a monitoring system that supports urban diagnosis, pollution reduction and evidence-based environmental management.
Deliverable P2.D5.6 reports carbon footprint assessment activities relevant to cities, campuses and buildings. The content is directly linked to Task 5.5, which includes carbon-footprint assessment, early-warning logic and a roadmap for complete decarbonisation with smart tools. It reports emissions sources, calculation boundaries, data requirements, interpretation of results and links with energy and environmental measures. Competencies obtained include GHG accounting, carbon-data analytics, interpretation of reduction potential, roadmap development and preparation of evidence for local climate contracts or action plans. The result is an assessment layer that allows P2 stakeholders to measure progress towards net zero and prioritise decarbonisation measures.
Deliverable P2.D7.1 reports awareness and dissemination activities for non-polluting energy and green-environment solutions. Based on Task 7.1, the report consolidates communication actions, workshop materials, events, city interactions and stakeholder engagement used to explain the value and necessity of adopting P2 solutions. It specifically includes dissemination towards citizens, public authorities, professional communities and the business environment, including PV-related workshop materials and technical-assistance activities. Competencies obtained include dissemination planning, public communication, stakeholder engagement, technical presentation of climate-neutral solutions and impact documentation. The result is a final evidence base showing how P2 outputs became visible, understandable and usable for wider urban communities.
Deliverable P2.D7.2 provides education and training documents in the form of a guidebook for non-polluting energy and green-environment solutions. Linked to Task 7.2, the deliverable structures practical knowledge for citizens, public administration staff and technical stakeholders. It reports concepts, recommended practices, solution categories and training logic related to renewable energy, energy efficiency, environmental monitoring and climate-neutral planning. Competencies obtained include training-material development, technical communication, stakeholder capacity building and educational structuring of project outputs. The result is a guidebook that facilitates wider understanding and adoption of P2 solutions and supports the transfer of research results into local administrative and community practice.
Deliverable P2.D7.3 reports the adoption of non-polluting energy and green-environment solutions across the sectors where they are implemented or exploited. Linked to Task 7.3, the content examines public administration, residential buildings and other smart-city sectors, identifying adoption conditions, barriers, enabling factors, benefits and transferability. It specifically connects renewable energy, smart PV systems, energy efficiency, environmental telemetry, pollution monitoring, waste management, digital platforms and carbon assessment with real use contexts. Competencies obtained include adoption analysis, cross-sector synthesis, replication and condition mapping and recommenddation development. The result is an exploitation-oriented report that connects technical deliverables with practical municipal and stakeholder uptake.
Deliverable P2.D7.4 reports Horizon Mission activities and provides evidence of proposal submission. Based on Task 7.4, the deliverable documents how project expertise, partnerships and technical results habe been mobilised into new applications related to climate-neutral cities, renewable energy, smart infrastructure, digitalisation and green-environment solutions. It specifically includes an EU Missions awarded project in which TUCN is a partner – CORESpaces. Competencies obtained include proposal development, consortium positioning, research-agenda continuation and strategic exploitation of project outputs. The result is proof that P2 knowledge was carried forward into follow-up initiatives, future funding opportunities, but also a contracted Horison Mission project – CORESpaces.
This deliverable reports the technical requirements needed to implement measurement, monitoring, simulation, and analysis activities for smart and sustainable buildings. It inventories needs related to measurement equipment, sensors, monitoring systems, energy simulation software, CFD, LCA, and digital infrastructure. The main outcome is the definition of a technical foundation for procurement and for developing partners’ capacity to carry out integrated assessments of energy performance, indoor comfort, and environmental impact.
This deliverable summarizes how materials, technical systems, equipment, and software tools are used in project activities. Some technical systems and equipment foreseen in the previous deliverable were not procured due to lack of funds. The report highlights the link between the previously defined technical requirements and their effective application in studies, simulations, monitoring, and assessments. The outcome is a clear picture of the operational capacity built within the project, the resources used, and the limitations encountered in implementing smart and sustainable building solutions.
This deliverable reports a comprehensive analysis of construction materials, installation systems, and market-available solutions with respect to energy efficiency, European and national requirements, sustainability, and resilience of the built environment. Innovative materials, HVAC systems, electrical systems, lighting, plumbing, and smart control solutions are analyzed. The main outcome is the consolidation of a knowledge base on existing market solutions and the competence to select appropriate technologies for energy-efficient, low-environmental-impact buildings.
This deliverable presents the evaluation of software tools and methodologies used for analyzing the energy performance of buildings, materials, and installation systems. Functionalities, application domains, advantages, and limitations of simulation and assessment tools are compared. The outcome is the development of competence in choosing and using appropriate digital tools for real energy efficiency projects and for supporting technical decision-making.
This deliverable reports the application of life cycle analysis (LCA) and cost-benefit analysis to the materials, technical solutions, and services previously analyzed. Specific content includes the LCA methodology, use of dedicated software, environmental impact assessment, and cost analysis for a pilot building on the UTCB campus. The outcome is the ability to correlate technical performance, environmental impact, and life cycle costs in order to support sustainable building solutions.
This deliverable reports users’ needs and preferences regarding the indoor environment of smart buildings. Aspects related to thermal comfort, acoustic comfort, visual comfort, indoor air quality, and the ways users can interact with building systems are addressed. The outcome is the integration of the user perspective into the definition of requirements for smart buildings, with emphasis on comfort, acceptability, and practical usability.
This deliverable presents the prototypes developed for user interaction with smart building environments. Application concepts, functionalities, interfaces, and communication mechanisms between the user and building systems are reported. The outcome is the development of competences in designing user-centered applications and connecting comfort, energy, and building status information with accessible digital tools.
This deliverable reports the evaluation of user experience in using the proposed applications and systems for smart buildings. Users’ perceptions, acceptance levels, ease of use, and relevance of the information provided are analyzed. The main outcome is the validation of the user-centered approach and the identification of improvement directions for smart building applications and interfaces.
This deliverable defines the criteria used for selecting representative buildings within the project. Building typology, age, energy performance level, data availability, monitoring potential, and replication relevance are considered. The outcome is a methodological framework for choosing case studies and structuring comparative analyses between new, existing, and typical buildings.
This deliverable reports the parameters to be monitored for evaluating energy performance and indoor environment quality in typical buildings. Indicators covering energy consumption, temperature, humidity, indoor air quality, comfort, and the operation of technical systems are included. The outcome is the definition of a monitoring structure that enables the collection of relevant data for diagnosis, energy optimization, and indoor comfort assessment
This deliverable reports the application of the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) methodology to assess the smart readiness of buildings. The European legislative framework, evaluation methodology, technical domains analyzed, and how smart technologies can contribute to energy efficiency, comfort, and flexibility are presented. The outcome is the development of SRI assessment competence and the identification of the digitalization and automation level of the analyzed buildings.
This deliverable describes the development and configuration framework for a Digital Twin of buildings. The stages of BIM model creation, transfer to energy simulation tools, digital model configuration, and connection with monitoring data are reported. The main outcome is the creation of a technical methodology for integrating digital modeling, simulation, and real data as a basis for optimizing building performance.
This deliverable reports the development and evaluation of the Digital Twin platform, including the building’s digital model, integration with BMS systems, validation with real data, and functional analysis of the application. Modeling, optimization, integration, and testing stages are presented. The outcome is the validation of a digital platform capable of supporting the monitoring, analysis, and intelligent operation of buildings based on collected data and simulations.
This deliverable synthesizes the results and knowledge generated in the project in the form of a best practices guide. Topics include energy efficiency, indoor environment quality, smart technologies, resource use, circular economy, sustainable materials, water management, and bioclimatic design. The outcome is a knowledge transfer tool that can support designers, authorities, specialists, and beneficiaries in defining solutions for smart and sustainable buildings.
This deliverable reports the strategy for communicating and disseminating project results, including target audiences, communication channels, visual identity rules, types of activities, and promotion methods. The outcome is an organized framework for project visibility, transfer of results to stakeholders, and support for the institutional and public impact of the activities carried out.
This deliverable reports the analysis of Horizon Europe initiatives and opportunities relevant to the continuation and exploitation of project results. Calls, research directions, European collaborations, potential consortia, innovation, and technology transfer are analyzed. The outcome is the identification of future development directions and the strengthening of partners’ capacity to transform project results into new proposals, initiatives, and European collaborations.
On 25 July 2023, a five-year collaboration protocol was signed between the NetZeRoCities Competence Center, Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava, and the Municipality of Suceava. The partnership was established to support the objectives of the EU Mission “100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030” and to identify and develop research, development, and innovation solutions aligned with Horizon Europe missions. The collaboration leverages academic expertise, administrative capacity, and the resources of the NetZeRoCities Competence Center to accelerate the transition towards climate neutrality and smart urban development, while strengthening the regional innovation ecosystem and increasing Romania’s participation in European smart city initiatives.
Within this deliverable, a collaboration agreement was established between the NetZeRoCities Competence Center, Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava, and the CYGNUS Scientific Society. The partnership aims to identify and promote research, development, and innovation solutions related to Horizon Europe missions, with a particular focus on smart and sustainable mobility. The collaboration supports the development of joint projects funded through national and European programs, promotes the activities of the NetZeRoCities Competence Center, and contributes to the creation of national and international cooperation networks for sustainable development and climate-neutral communities.
Within this deliverable, the first intelligent routing solutions were implemented and the initial experimental version of the Intelligent Urban Dispatch Platform was developed. The solution enables the testing and evaluation of route optimization mechanisms and traffic flow management strategies in various urban scenarios.
This report presents the implementation activities carried out for the intelligent routing solutions and the Intelligent Urban Dispatch Platform. It highlights the main functionalities developed, the integration of system components, and the results achieved during the validation stages.
This deliverable summarizes the testing activities and results obtained for the main platforms developed within the project. The evaluations confirmed the functionality, interoperability, and ability of the solutions to support intelligent urban mobility services and advanced traffic management applications.
Within this deliverable, a partnership was developed with local, regional, and national public authorities to identify challenges and innovation opportunities relevant to the European missions under Horizon Europe. The collaboration contributed to defining common research and innovation directions with potential impact on communities and smart cities.
This deliverable presents the testing and validation activities related to the integration of SHUBs within the Smart Campus ecosystem. The results demonstrated their capability to support the collection and exchange of data required for the development and evaluation of smart services.
The report summarizes the status of equipment acquisitions and infrastructure upgrade activities carried out within the project. The planned purchases were intended to support research and development activities in the field of intelligent mobility, contributing to efficient, safe, and sustainable transport systems. Due to administrative, procedural, and contractual constraints during the implementation period, a significant portion of the planned acquisitions could not be completed. Nevertheless, all project activities were successfully implemented by leveraging the existing equipment and infrastructure available within the partner organizations.
Within Deliverable P4.D4.2, an Industry Liaison Office for Smart Mobility was established at Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava. Its role is to facilitate collaboration between academia and industry, while providing consultancy and expertise in the field of smart and sustainable mobility. Currently, Bosch, Orange Romania, and the National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest are in the process of joining this structure, with the necessary documents under evaluation and signature. The office contributes to knowledge transfer, the development of joint projects, and the acceleration of innovation in the field of smart mobility.
This deliverable presents the results of an awareness survey on smart mobility, assessing public perceptions, usage patterns, and acceptance of solutions such as public transport, micromobility, electric mobility, intelligent parking, and multimodal travel planning. The findings reveal a continued reliance on private vehicles and limited adoption of sustainable mobility alternatives. At the same time, respondents expressed interest in cleaner, more integrated, and user-friendly mobility services. The results provide valuable input for policy development, urban planning, and future awareness initiatives supporting climate-neutral cities.
This deliverable defines strategic priorities for Smart Mobility and Infrastructure, addressing transport decarbonization, digital transformation, integrated mobility services, accessibility, innovation, and stakeholder engagement. The agenda aligns project objectives with major European initiatives, including the EU Green Deal and the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy. It proposes actions related to zero-emission transport, infrastructure development, professional training, entrepreneurship, and public awareness. The document provides a framework for future sustainable and inclusive mobility initiatives.
Within Deliverable D4.D5.5, significant scientific dissemination results were achieved through the publication of 15 scientific contributions. These include one book chapter published by Springer, six articles in ISI Web of Knowledge indexed journals ranked in the Q1/Q2 categories, and eight papers presented at international conferences indexed in IEEE Xplore and/or ISI Web of Knowledge. The publications address topics such as vehicular communications (V2X, VLC, C-V2X, and DSRC), the Internet of Things (IoT), distributed user interfaces, and assistive technologies. These outcomes have enhanced the scientific visibility of the project and contributed to strengthening expertise in the field of smart mobility.
Project 5 – Smart Campus and Digital Twins
This deliverable presents the main use cases and measurable performance indicators associated with the implementation of a NetZero Smart Campus. It reports scenarios related to the Smart Campus laboratory and Digital Twin platform, sustainable energy and environment, sustainable buildings, and smart and sustainable mobility. The document also includes system requirements, indicative implementation elements, estimated investment aspects, and exploitation perspectives. The reported content may support competencies in use-case definition, KPI mapping, smart campus planning, and structured analysis of NetZero transition scenarios.
This deliverable presents the physical data infrastructure for the NetZero Smart Campus. It reports the evolution of infrastructure planning, including requirements, data collection and management strategies, communication technologies, storage, security, and links with Digital Twin, simulation, and AI-oriented components. The document describes how collected data may contribute to monitoring, analysis, prediction, and decision-support activities in NetZero scenarios. The reported content may support competencies in data-driven Smart Campus development, infrastructure updating, Digital Twin integration, and scenario-oriented technical analysis.
his deliverable presents the physical communication infrastructure associated with the NetZero Smart Campus and related component projects. It reports communication solutions such as private LoRaWAN, smart building communication systems, commercial and private 5G, and LoRaWAN connectivity for specific project scenarios. These technologies are positioned as enablers for data collection, monitoring, and IoT-based services. The reported work may support competencies in communication infrastructure planning, 5G and LoRaWAN deployment analysis, and connectivity design for smart and climate-neutral campus applications.
his deliverable presents the IoT and Internet of Everything infrastructure associated with the NetZero Smart Campus. It reports the general IoT architecture, local systems, and sensor infrastructures for sustainable energy and environment, sustainable buildings, smart mobility, and the Smart Campus laboratory. The document includes references to energy monitoring, smart building sensors, vehicle and air quality sensors, traffic cameras, GPS and acceleration sensors, parking sensors, weather sensors, indoor people monitoring, and smart lighting pole sensors. The reported content may support competencies in IoT infrastructure mapping, sensor integration, and smart city data collection.
This deliverable presents a climate neutrality action plan for smart campuses, with a focus on the Polytechnic University of Bucharest campus context. It reports the methodological approach, asset and energy flow inventories, greenhouse gas emissions estimation, mitigation measures for buildings, technical systems, mobility, waste management, education, awareness, research, innovation, dissemination, stakeholder involvement, and funding opportunities. The document also includes examples of demonstrative pilot projects and annexes related to emissions estimates. The reported work may support competencies in climate neutrality planning, emissions inventory development, and campus-level sustainability assessment.
This deliverable presents a climate neutrality action plan for smart campuses, with a focus on the Polytechnic University of Bucharest campus context. It reports the methodological approach, asset and energy flow inventories, greenhouse gas emissions estimation, mitigation measures for buildings, technical systems, mobility, waste management, education, awareness, research, innovation, dissemination, stakeholder involvement, and funding opportunities. The document also includes examples of demonstrative pilot projects and annexes related to emissions estimates. The reported work may support competencies in climate neutrality planning, emissions inventory development, and campus-level sustainability assessment.
This deliverable presents the platform interaction and data curation mechanism for the NetZeroCities Open Data context. It reports requirements for the data export component, qualitative design principles, SOLID principles, data integration from multiple sources, transformation into a unified format, API requirements, data formats, and open data standards. The document also presents the architecture of the export component, cloud-based simulation and testing elements, and a case study on data collection from an IoT smart switch. The reported content may support competencies in data curation, API-oriented design, cloud testing, and embedded IoT data collection.
This deliverable presents the testing and validation methodology for the Smart Campus and Digital Twin solutions developed within the project. It reports the Smart Campus architecture, the communication and IoT infrastructures used, and a set of implementation scenarios covering air pollution monitoring, energy measurements, sustainable and intelligent buildings, smart lighting, and intelligent traffic. The document also includes descriptions of tests, reported results, conclusions, and a framework for testing and validating solutions with external stakeholders. The reported content may support competencies in validation planning, pilot scenario assessment, IoT testing, and evidence-based evaluation of smart campus solutions.
This deliverable presents the interoperability methodology for the Smart Campus ecosystem. It reports the integration of mobile communication components, 5G and LoRaWAN networks, IoT applications, monitoring and control components, V2X elements, embedded systems, and the central Digital Twin platform. The document also describes interactions between the central system and partner or third-party platforms through APIs, gateways, secured communication mechanisms, connectors, data models, and unified visualization approaches. The reported content may support competencies in interoperability design, API-based integration, IoT platform alignment, and secure data exchange for Smart Campus applications.
This deliverable presents the piloting activities carried out for Smart Campus and Digital Twin-related solutions. It reports the evaluation methodology for piloted solutions, including connectivity and data transmission testing, and describes pilots developed with public authorities, campus environments, and partner infrastructures. The document covers scenarios related to traffic monitoring, air quality monitoring, fall detection, abandoned waste detection, citizen notification analysis, building and utility efficiency, smart public lighting, and campus-based deployments. The reported content may support competencies in pilot planning, urban data analysis, solution evaluation, stakeholder interaction, and practical validation of smart city technologies.
This deliverable presents the exploitation plan for the NetZeRoCities Smart Campus and Digital Twin results. It reports the context for exploiting project outcomes, the state of the art, and a structured technology transfer process covering local needs, exploitable results, feasibility, standardization, interoperability, intellectual property, licensing, and the “Smart City in a Box” operational model. The document also includes a possible exploitation scenario, with implementation, testing, preliminary results, and scaling or replication considerations. The reported content may support competencies in exploitation planning, technology transfer, sustainability assessment, and the preparation of smart city solutions for broader use.
This deliverable presents the education and training plan associated with the NetZeRoCities Smart Campus and Digital Twin activities. It reports a proposed curriculum and introductory smart city activities, including a general programme structure and an IoT module focused on architectures, connectivity, and security in Smart Campus contexts. The document also includes training elements specific to NetZero solutions and the “Smart City in a box” concept. The reported content may support competencies in curriculum design, smart city education, IoT-oriented training, and the transfer of project knowledge toward learners and stakeholders.
This deliverable presents the awareness, dissemination, and communication activities associated with the project. It reports elements such as the project visual identity, website, social media presence, workshops, events, collaborations, public presentations, media appearances, and activities connected to local communities and related initiatives. The document also indicates that dissemination relies on several communication channels and includes materials presenting Smart Campus, Digital Twin, and climate-neutral city solutions. The reported content may support competencies in project communication, public awareness, stakeholder engagement, knowledge transfer, and dissemination planning for research and innovation projects.